![]() Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. In low- and middle-income countries, valvular heart disease is often attributable to rheumatic fever. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. High blood pressure and valvular heart disease are the most common modifiable risk factors for AF. It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. Symptomatic episodes may involve heart palpitations, fainting, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, or chest pain. It may also start as other forms of arrhythmia such as atrial flutter that then transform into AF. It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating, which become longer or continuous over time. Lifestyle modifications, rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation Ģ.5% (developed world), 0.5% (developing world) Ītrial fibrillation ( AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. ![]() High blood pressure, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, COPD, obesity, smoking, sleep apnea None, heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, chest pain The heart rate is about 125 beats per minute. ![]() No P waves are seen and there is an erratic baseline between QRS complexes. There are irregular intervals between heart beats. Leads aVL and aVF of an electrocardiogram showing atrial fibrillation.
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